Understanding the causes and risk factors of testicular cancer.
The cancer that develops in the testicles is called testicular cancer. In the United States, between 7,500 and 8,000 diagnoses of testicular cancer are made each year. Over his lifetime, a man's risk of testicular cancer is roughly 1 in 250 (0.4%).
Research has shown that it is most common among males aged 15–40 years. Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers: in excess of 90 percent; essentially 100 percent if it has not metastasized. Even for the relatively few cases in which malignant cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate of at least 85 percent today.
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact causes of testicular cancer are not known. However, studies have shown that several factors increase a man's chance of developing this disease. These include:
1. Undescended testicle (Cryptorchidism)
Testicles usually descend from the inside of the abdomen into the scrotum before a baby boy is born. If a testicle has not moved down when a male is born, then there is greater risk that he will develop testicular cancer later on. Surgery may be required to lower them.
2. Congenital abnormalities
Males who are born with abnormalities of the penis, kidneys, or testicles have higher risk of developing testicular cancer.
3. Inguinal hernia
Males who are born with hernia in the groin area have higher risk than those who don’t.
Hernia means "a rupture" which happens when tissues protrude through a structure, or a part of an organ protrudes through a muscle tissue or a membrane.
4. Having had testicular cancer
If a man has had testicular cancer, he is more likely to develop it in the other testicle as well.
5. Family history
A man who has a close relative, sibling, or father with testicular cancer is more likely to develop a testicular cancer.
6. Abnormal testicular development
Conditions like Klinefelter's syndrome, where the testicles do not develop normally, may increase a person's risks of developing testicular cancer.
7. Mumps orchitis
An uncommon complication of mumps in which one or both testicles become inflamed. This painful complication can also raise a male's risk of developing testicular cancer later on.
8. Race
Studies indicate that testicular cancer is more common among Caucasian males, compared to men of African or Asian descent. Highest rates are found in Scandinavia, Germany and New Zealand.
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